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NCERT Class XI Chemistry Structure of Atom Solutions

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Question : 52 of 67
Marks: +1, -0
Following results are observed when sodium metal is irradiated with different wavelengths. Calculate (a) threshold wavelength and, (b) Planck’s constant.
\begin{array}{lccc} \text{} \end{array}\lambda(nm)} & 500 & 450 & 400 \\ \text{v \times 10^5(\mathrm{ms}^{-1})} & 2.55 & 4.35 & 5.20 \end{array}
Solution:  
Let the threshold wavelength = λ0\lambda_0 nm = λ0×109m\lambda_0 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{m} then
hc(1λ1λ0)hc\left(\frac{1}{\lambda} - \frac{1}{\lambda_0}\right) = 12mv2\frac{1}{2} m v^2
Substituting the given three experiments,
hc109(15001λ0)\frac{hc}{10^{-9}}\left(\frac{1}{500} - \frac{1}{\lambda_0}\right) = 12m(2.55×105)2\frac{1}{2} m (2.55 \times 10^5)^2 ... (i)
hc109(14501λ0)\frac{hc}{10^{-9}}\left(\frac{1}{450} - \frac{1}{\lambda_0}\right) = 12m(4.35×105)2\frac{1}{2} m (4.35 \times 10^5)^2 ... (ii)
hc109(14001λ0)\frac{hc}{10^{-9}}\left(\frac{1}{400} - \frac{1}{\lambda_0}\right) = 12m(2.55×105)2\frac{1}{2} m (2.55 \times 10^5)^2 ... (iii)
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i) we get,
λ0450450λ0\frac{\lambda_0 - 450}{450\lambda_0} × 500λ0λ0500\frac{500\lambda_0}{\lambda_0 - 500} = (4.352.55)2\left(\frac{4.35}{2.55}\right)^2 or λ0450λ0500\frac{\lambda_0 - 450}{\lambda_0 - 500} = 450500×(4.352.55)2\frac{450}{500} \times \left(\frac{4.35}{2.55}\right)^2
or λ0450λ0500\frac{\lambda_0 - 450}{\lambda_0 - 500} = 910×18.926.50\frac{9}{10} \times \frac{18.92}{6.50} or λ0450λ0500\frac{\lambda_0 - 450}{\lambda_0 - 500} = 2.62
or λ0\lambda_0 – 450 = 2.62 λ0\lambda_0 – 1310 or – 450 + 1310 = 2.62 λ0λ0\lambda_0 - \lambda_0
or 860 = 1.62 λ0\lambda_0λ0\lambda_0 = 8601.62\frac{860}{1.62} = 530.86 nm ≈ 531 nm
Putting this in equation (iii), we get
h×3×108109(14001531)\frac{h \times 3 \times 10^8}{10^{-9}} \left(\frac{1}{400} - \frac{1}{531}\right) = 12(9.1×1031)(5.20×105)2\frac{1}{2} (9.1 \times 10^{-31}) (5.20 \times 10^5)^2
h × 3 × 1017(131531×400)10^{17} \left(\frac{131}{531 \times 400}\right) = 12\frac{1}{2} × 27.04 × 101010^{10} × 9.1 × 103110^{-31}
⇒ h = 6.64 × 1034Js10^{-34} \mathrm{Js}.
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