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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2019 Outside Delhi Set 1 Solved Paper

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Question : 8 of 9
Marks: +1, -0
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Transition metals form complex compounds.
(b) EoE^{o} values for (Zn2+/Zn)(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}/\mathrm{Zn}) and (Mn2+/Mn)(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}/\mathrm{Mn}) are more negative than expected.
(c) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states.
Solution:  
(a) Transition metals are able to form complex compounds due to the small size of metal, high ionic charge and availability of vacant dd-orbital.
(b) EE^{\circ} values of (Mn2+/Mn)(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}/\mathrm{Mn}) and (Zn2+/Zn)(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}/\mathrm{Zn}) are more negative than expected due to the greater stability of half filled dd-subshell of Mn2+(3d5)\mathrm{Mn}^{2+} (3d^5) and completely filled dd-subshell of Zn2+(3d10)\mathrm{Zn}^{2+} (3d^{10}).
(c) Due to a very small energy gap between 5f,6d5f, 6d and 7s7s-subshells resulting in easier excitation of the outermost electrons to higher energy levels.
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