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Question : 34
Total: 37
Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
[4]
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions: From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs : jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed.
(34.1) What was the Swadeshi Movement?
[1]
(34.2) Why did the Cotton piece goods production in India double between 1900 to 1912?
(34.3) Explain any two events that helped India to regain its market.
[4]
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions: From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs : jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed.
(34.1) What was the Swadeshi Movement?
[1]
(34.2) Why did the Cotton piece goods production in India double between 1900 to 1912?
(34.3) Explain any two events that helped India to regain its market.
Solution:
(34.1) Swadeshi refers to using goods and services from one's own nation. In India, it was a movement for national independence that promoted the use of native goods like khadi, while promoting the boycott of imported cloth. It also promoted large-scale demonstrations where a lot of people gathered to spread awareness and demanded swaraj.
(34.2) From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China declined because produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. As a result, cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
(34.3) (i) First World War ( 1914-1919) : The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Indian mills had a vast home market to supply.
(ii) Swadeshi Movement: As the Swadeshi Movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions.
(34.2) From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China declined because produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. As a result, cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
(34.3) (i) First World War ( 1914-1919) : The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Indian mills had a vast home market to supply.
(ii) Swadeshi Movement: As the Swadeshi Movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions.
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